A-Transformation of Simple sentences into complex sentences
किसी शब्द(Word) अथवा वाक्यांश(Phrase) को Noun, Adjective अथवा Adverb Clause में विस्तार करके Simple Sentence को Complex Sentence में बदला जा सकता है।
Complex Sentence में एक Principal Clause और एक या एक से अधिक Sub-Ordinate Clause होते हैं।
A-Sub-Ordinate Noun Clause
2-Sub-Ordinate Adjective Clause
3-Sub-Ordinate Adverb Clause
एक Simple Sentence को Complex Sentence में बदलने की तीन विधियां है।अतः हम तीनों विधि का बारी-बारी से अध्ययन करेंगे।
A-Simple Sentence को Complex Sentence(Noun Clause)में बदलना-
Noun Clause में प्रयोग होने वाले Conjunctions
That(कि), If/Whether, Who(की कौन या कि किसने), What(कि क्या/जो कुछ), Whom(कि किसको), Whose-कि किसका), When(कि कब), Where(कि कहाँ), Why(कि क्यों), How(कि कैसे), How many(कि कितना-संख्या के लिए),
How much(कि कितना-मात्रा के लिए)
Note-Simple Sentence को Complex Sentence में transform करते समय Simple Sentence में आये हुए किसी प्रभावकारी Word या Phrase को हम एक Clause में बदल देते हैं।
*Simple-They believed him to be an honest man.
Complex-They believed that he was an honest man.
*Simple-I know the place of your birth.
Complex-I know where you were born.
*Simple-His promotion is certain.
Complex-It is certain that he will be promoted.
*Simple-He was glad to see me.
Complex-He was glad when he saw me.
*Simple-He is supposed to be an intelligent boy.
Complex-it is supposed that he is an intelligent boy.
*Simple-His arrival is sure.
Complex-It is sure that he will arrive.
Or
That he will arrive, is sure.
Simple-He accepted his fault.
Complex-He accepted that he was at fault.
*Simple-No one knows her.
Complex-No one knows who she is.
*Simple-I am certain of winning the race.
Complex-I am certain that I shall win the race.
*Simple-Please tell me her age.
Complex-Please tell me what her age is.
*Simple-He informed me office illness.
Complex-He informed me that he was ill.
*Simple-No one knows his name.
Complex-No one knows what his name is.
*Simple-Tell me his birth place.
Complex-Tell me where he was born.
*Simple-I know his profession.
Complex-I know what his profession is.
Or
I know what he does.
*Simple-Tell me the truth.
Complex-Tell me what the truth is.
*Simple-I want to know the date of his birth.
Complex-I want to know what his date of birth is.
Or
I want to know when he was born.
*Simple-No one can tell the time of his coming.
Complex-No one can tell when he will come.
*Simple-I am sure of getting good marks in the examination.
Complex-I am sure that I shall get good marks in the examination.
*Simple-The news of his death is true.
Complex-The news that he had died, is true.
*Simple-I am certain of giving you satisfaction.
Complex-I am certain that I shall give you satisfaction.
*Simple-Tell me your name
Complex-Tell me what your name is.
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Transformation of Simple sentences into complex sentences (Adjective clause)
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1- यदि एक वाक्य के अंतर्गत आए हुएNoun या Pronoun के लिए दूसरे वाक्य में कोई बात कही गई है तो दूसरे वाक्य को Adjective Clause बना देते हैं।
2-Simple Sentence में आए हुए किसी प्रभावकारी word या Phrase को विस्तार करके Adjective Clause में बदल देते हैं। अतः Adjective Clause में निम्न Conjuctions का प्रयोग होता है।
*Who (जो, जिसने)- मनुष्य के लिए(Subjective केस में
*Which(जो,जिसने)-वस्तु के लिए(Subjective Case में)
*Whom(जिसे,जिसको)-व्यक्ति के लिए(Objective Case में)
*Whose(जिसका)-सजीव व निर्जीव दोनों के लिए(Possessive Case में)
*That(जो,जिसे)-1 जब Antecedent all, any, none, only,nothing, abstract noun, Superlative degree हो।
2-who और what आदि interrogative pronouns के बाद,दो Antecedent के पश्चात जब उनमें से एक व्यक्ति को तथा दूसरा किसी जानवर या वस्तु को इंगित करता हो।
*When-जब(समय के लिए)
*Where-जहाँ(स्थान के लिए)
*Why-जिस कारण(कारण के लिए)
*How-जिस तरीके से(Manner व Method के लिए)
*Such--as
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*Simple-I have a silver chain.
Complex-I have a chain which is made of silver.
*Simple-Good girls are always busy working.
Complex-The girls who are good, are always busy working.
Note-याद रखिये की Adjective Clause को हमेशा अपने Antecedent के पास रखते हैं।वाक्य में Who are good जो कि एक Adjective Clause है ,को उसके Antecedent(पूर्ववर्ती) Girl के पास रखा गया है क्योंकि Adjective Clause(Who are good) girl की विशेषता बता रहा है।
*Simple-She can purchase anything of her liking.
Complex-She can purchase anything that she likes.
*Simple-We should not hate the weak.
Complex-We should not hate those who are weak.
*Simple-He is a man of noble deeds.
Complex-He is a man who does noble deeds.
*Simple-Good boys obey their teachers.
Complex-The boys who are good, over their teachers.
*Simple-He died in his native village.
Complex-He died in the village where he was born.
*Simple-No one can tell the time of his arrival.
Complex-No one can tell the time when he will arrive.
*Simple-Pandit Nehru, The prime minister of India, was respected by all.
Complex-Pandit Nehru who was the prime minister of India was respected by all.
*Simple-Call the man with a stick in his hand.
Complex-Call the man who has a stick in his hand.
*Simple-I bought my uncle's bike.
Complex-I bought the bike which belonged to my uncle.
*Simple-A lame man can not run.
Complex-A man who is lame cannot run.
*Simple-The song sung by Lata is liked by everybody.
Complex-Everybody likes the song which Lata sings.
*Simple-The train coming from Lucknow is two hours late.
Complex-The train which is coming from Lucknow is late by two hours.
*Simple-Tell me the place of your birth.
Complex-Tell me the place where you were born.
*Simple-Good boys work hard.
Complex-The boys who are good, work hard.
*Simple-We must help the poor.
Complex-We must help those who are poor.
*Simple-Barking dogs seldom bite.
Complex-The dogs which bark seldom bite.
*Simple-A dead man needs nothing.
Complex-A man who is dead, needs nothing.
*Simple-A bad man cannot change his nature.
Complex-A man who is bad cannot change his nature.
*Simple-Fatherless child is called an orphan.
Complex-A child whose father is dead, is called an orphan.
*Simple-He told me an interesting story.
Complex-He told me a story which was interesting.
*Simple-Your action is unpardonable.
Complex-Your action is such as cannot be pardoned.
*Simple-He purchased Rohan's house.
Complex-He purchased a house which belong to Rohan.
*Simple-He died in his village.
Complex-He died in the village where he was born.
Or
He died in the village where he lived.
*Simple-He told me the time of his departure.
Complex-He told me the time when he would depart.
*Simple-I met a boy with blue eyes.
Complex-I met a boy who had blue eyes.
*Simple-Give me the pen lying on the table.
Complex-Give me the pen which is lying on the table.
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Transformation of Simple sentences into Complex sentence (Adverb Clause)
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Adverb Clause-इसके अंतर्गत हमें Time, Place Reason, Condition, Comparison, Contrast, Result, Purpose व Manner का भाव मिलता है।Simple Sentence के भाव के अनुसार इनसे संबंधित Conjuction का प्रयोग करके हम दिए गए Simple Sentence को Adverb Clause में परिवर्तित कर सकते है।
Adverb Clause में प्रयुक्त होने वाले Conjunctions निम्न प्रकार हैं--As long as(जब तक कि),When(जब),While(जबकि),till(तक),because(क्योंकि),untill(तक नहीं)as soon as(ज्यों ही),so that(ताकि),Lest(कहीं ऐसा न हो)although(यद्यपि),though(यद्यपि),so........that(इतना........ कि)than(अपेक्षा),as(जैसा कि),if(यदि), Unless(यदि नहीं),Wherever (जहाँ कही भी),since,while,whenever(जब भी),No sooner(ज्यों ही),Where(जहाँ),as....... as(इतना--उतना-Affirmative Sentence में),so........ as(उतना---जितना-Negative Sentence में)
*Simple-He is too poor to pay his fee.
Complex-He is so poor that he cannot pay his fee.
*Simple-Besides being poor, he is honest.
Complex-Although he is poor yet he is honest.
*Simple-You must take rest to recover.
Complex-If you want to recover, you must take rest.
*Simple-The match being over, we went home at once.
Complex-As soon as the match was over, we went home.
*Simple-He cannot pass without working hard.
Complex-If he does not work hard, he cannot pass.
*Simple-He did social work to be famous.
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Complex-He did social work so that he might be famous.
*Simple-He works hard to get first division.
Complex-He works hard so that he may get first division.
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Note-उपर के दोनों उदाहरण में, Sub-Ordinate Clause वाले भाग में May और Might का प्रयोग हुआ है। यदि Principal Clause, भूतकाल में है तो Might का प्रयोग होगा।और यदि Principal Clause वर्तमान में हो तो May का प्रयोग होगा।
*Simple-He is wiser for a child of seven.
Complex-Although he is a child of 7 years, he is very wise.
*Simple-We have our breakfast at sunrise.
Complex-We have our breakfast when the sun rises.
*Simple- Being rich, he can buy a car.
Complex-As he is rich, he can buy a car.
*Simple-He was too tired to stand.
Complex-He was so tired that he could not stand.
*Simple-In spite of making eight attempts he failed.
Complex-Though he made eight attempts,he failed.
*Simple-You can succeed by working hard.
Complex-You can succeed if you work hard.
*Simple-I was glad to see him.
Complex-I was glad when I saw him.
*Simple-Owing to illness, he could not go to college.
Complex-He could not go to college because he was ill.
*Simple-We play at sunset.
Complex-We play when the sun sets.
*Simple-You can succeed by working hard.
Complex-You can succeed if you work hard.
Or
You cannot succeed unless you work hard.
*Simple- You may go anywhere.
Complex-You may go wherever you like.
*Simple-I cannot go to office on account of my illness.
Complex-I cannot go to office because I am ill.
*Simple-In spite of his illnesses,he will attend his class.
Complex-Although he is ill,he will attend his class.
"Simple-We eat to live.
Complex-We eat so that we may live.
*Simple-Being tired,he sat to take rest.
Complex-As he was tired,he sat to take rest.
*Simple-I was happy to see you.
Complex-I was happy when I saw you.
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