Figure of Speech ( अलंकार )
Figure of Speech ( अलंकार )
Figure of Speech का अर्थ ' अलंकार ' है । यह भाषा में सुन्दरता पैदा करता है तथा वाक्य के कथन की शोभा बढ़ाता है।
The Figure of Speech is departure from the ordinary form of expression , or the ordinary course of ideas in orde to produce a greater effect .
अभिव्यक्ति के सामान्य रूप अथवा विचारों के सामान्य क्रम को अधिक प्रभावशाली बनाना ही अलंकार कहलाता है ।
Simile ( उपमा अलंकार )
In a simile , comparison is made between two distinctly different things , especially using , like , so and as etc. But they should have at least , one point in common .
उपमा अलंकार में प्रमुखत : like , so तथा as आदि शब्दों के प्रयोग से दो भिन्न वस्तुओं की तुलना की जाती है , परन्तु उनके मध्य कम - से - कम एक गुण समान होना चाहिए । Examples
1. It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven
2. Or from star - like eyes doth seek .
3 Curses are like chickens ; they come home to roost .
4. As afraid as a grasshopper .
5. He is as sober as a judge .
Metaphor ( रूपक अलंकार ) ...
In a metaphor , a comparison is made between two different things without using the connective words like , as, than or resembles .
. रूपक अलंकार में दो भिन्न वस्तुओं के मध्य like , as , than या resembles आदि संयोजक शब्दों के प्रयोग किए बिना तुलना की जाती है । Examples
1. Life is a dream .
2. I see a lily on thy brow .
3. The camel is the ship of the desert .
4. The news was a dragger to his heart .
5. Revenge is a kind of wild justice .
Personification ( मानवीकरण अलंकार )
Personification is a figure of speech which gives life to inanimate objects or makes animals human .
मानवीकरण अलंकार के द्वारा मृत ( अचेतन ) वस्तुओं को चेतनायुक्त ( जीवित ) अथवा पशुओं को इन्सानी रूप में प्रदर्शित किया जाता है । Examples
1. " How far that little candle throws its beams ! So shines a good deed in a naughty world . "
2. Truth sits upon the lips of a dying man .
3. Fate frowned on his endeavors .
4. Death lays its icy hands on King .
5. Pride goes forth on horseback , grand and gay .
Apostrophe ( सम्बोधक अलंकार )
An Apostrophe is a direct address to the dead , to the absent . or to a personified object or idea This figure is a special form of Personification .
सम्बोधक अलंकार में किसी मृत , अनुपस्थित अथवा मानयीकरण के रूप में प्रस्तुत वस्तु या विचार को प्रत्यक्ष रूप से सम्बोधित किया जाता है । यह अलंकार मानवीकरण अलंकार का विशिष्ट रूप है । Examples
1. Frailty , thy name is woman !
2. Little lamb , who made thee ? Dost thou know who made thee ?
3. Friend ! I know not which way I must look for comfort .
4. Roll on ! Thou deep and dark blue Ocean , roll .
5. Death ! Where is thy sting ? 0 Gravel Where is thy victory ?
Hyperbole ( अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार )
In Hyperbole , a statement is made emphatic by overstatement .
अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार में एक कथन को बहुत बढ़ा - चढ़ा कर या घटाकर प्रभावी बनाया जाता है । Examples
1. River of blood flowed in the battle .
2. The waves rose mountains high .
3. Why , man , if the river is dry , I am able to fill it with tears .
4. Hamlet ! You have not cleft my heart in twain .
5. I'd give my right arm for a cup of tea .
Oxymoron ( विरोधाभास अलंकार )
It is used when two terms are combined that in ordinary usage are contradictory .
इसका उपयोग दो विरोधी अर्थ वाले शब्दों को जोड़ने के लिए किया जाता है । Examples
1. It is an open secret .
2. Life is a bitter sweet .
3. He is the wisest fool of them all .
4. His honour rooted in dishonour stood .
5. Faith unfaithful kept him falsely true . '
Onomatopoeia ( ध्वनि अनुकरणात्मक अलंकार )
In this figure of speech , the formation or use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to .
इस अलंकार में , शब्दों का निर्माण तथा उपयोग , उनसे सम्बन्धित वस्तुओं अथवा क्रियाओं की ध्वनि के अनुकरण के द्वारा होता है । Examples .
1. Thundering of guns .
2. I babble on pebbles .
3. Cooing of doves .
4. Can you hear the buzzing of bees ?
5. He looked at the roaring sky .
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