Figure of Speech ( अलंकार )

 


Figure of Speech ( अलंकार ) 

Figure of Speech का अर्थ ' अलंकार ' है । यह भाषा में सुन्दरता पैदा करता है तथा वाक्य के कथन की शोभा बढ़ाता है।

The Figure of Speech is departure from the ordinary form of expression , or the ordinary course of ideas in orde to produce a greater effect . 

अभिव्यक्ति के सामान्य रूप अथवा विचारों के सामान्य क्रम को अधिक प्रभावशाली बनाना ही अलंकार कहलाता है । 

Simile ( उपमा अलंकार )

 In a simile , comparison is made between two distinctly different things , especially using , like , so and as etc. But they should have at least , one point in common . 

उपमा अलंकार में प्रमुखत : like , so तथा as आदि शब्दों के प्रयोग से दो भिन्न वस्तुओं की तुलना की जाती है , परन्तु उनके मध्य कम - से - कम एक गुण समान होना चाहिए । Examples 

1. It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven 

2. Or from star - like eyes doth seek . 

3 Curses are like chickens ; they come home to roost . 

4. As afraid as a grasshopper . 

5. He is as sober as a judge .

 Metaphor ( रूपक अलंकार ) ... 

In a metaphor , a comparison is made between two different things without using the connective words like , as, than or resembles

. रूपक अलंकार में दो भिन्न वस्तुओं के मध्य like , as , than या resembles आदि संयोजक शब्दों के प्रयोग किए बिना तुलना की जाती है । Examples

 1. Life is a dream . 

2. I see a lily on thy brow . 

3. The camel is the ship of the desert .

 4. The news was a dragger to his heart .

 5. Revenge is a kind of wild justice . 

Personification ( मानवीकरण अलंकार ) 

Personification is a figure of speech which gives life to inanimate objects or makes animals human .

 मानवीकरण अलंकार के द्वारा मृत ( अचेतन ) वस्तुओं को चेतनायुक्त ( जीवित ) अथवा पशुओं को इन्सानी रूप में प्रदर्शित किया जाता है । Examples 

1. " How far that little candle throws its beams ! So shines a good deed in a naughty world . "

2. Truth sits upon the lips of a dying man .

 3. Fate frowned on his endeavors .

 4. Death lays its icy hands on King . 

5. Pride goes forth on horseback , grand and gay .

Apostrophe ( सम्बोधक अलंकार )

 An Apostrophe is a direct address to the dead , to the absent . or to a personified object or idea This figure is a special form of Personification .

 सम्बोधक अलंकार में किसी मृत , अनुपस्थित अथवा मानयीकरण के रूप में प्रस्तुत वस्तु या विचार को प्रत्यक्ष रूप से सम्बोधित किया जाता है । यह अलंकार मानवीकरण अलंकार का विशिष्ट रूप है । Examples 

1. Frailty , thy name is woman ! 

 2. Little lamb , who made thee ? Dost thou know who made thee ? 

3. Friend ! I know not which way I must look for comfort .

 4. Roll on ! Thou deep and dark blue Ocean , roll .

 5. Death ! Where is thy sting ? 0 Gravel Where is thy victory ?

 Hyperbole ( अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार ) 

In Hyperbole , a statement is made emphatic by overstatement .

 अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार में एक कथन को बहुत बढ़ा - चढ़ा कर या घटाकर प्रभावी बनाया जाता है । Examples 

1. River of blood flowed in the battle . 

2. The waves rose mountains high . 

3. Why , man , if the river is dry , I am able to fill it with tears .

 4. Hamlet ! You have not cleft my heart in twain . 

5. I'd give my right arm for a cup of tea . 

Oxymoron ( विरोधाभास अलंकार ) 

It is used when two terms are combined that in ordinary usage are contradictory . 

इसका उपयोग दो विरोधी अर्थ वाले शब्दों को जोड़ने के लिए किया जाता है । Examples 

1. It is an open secret . 

2. Life is a bitter sweet . 

3. He is the wisest fool of them all . 

4. His honour rooted in dishonour stood . 

5. Faith unfaithful kept him falsely true . ' 

Onomatopoeia ( ध्वनि अनुकरणात्मक अलंकार )

 In this figure of speech , the formation or use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to . 

इस अलंकार में , शब्दों का निर्माण तथा उपयोग , उनसे सम्बन्धित वस्तुओं अथवा क्रियाओं की ध्वनि के अनुकरण के द्वारा होता है । Examples . 

1. Thundering of guns . 

 2. I babble on pebbles . 

3. Cooing of doves . 

4. Can you hear the buzzing of bees ?

 5. He looked at the roaring sky .

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