Narration-Rules for the Change of words Expressing Nearness of Time or Position(समय या स्थिति की निकटता सूचक शब्दो को बदलने के नियम)

 Rule 1-Reported Speech में प्रयुक्त समय अथवा स्थिति की निकटता सूचक शब्दों को दूरी प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों में बदल देते हैं।

Ago को                                before में

Come को                                  go में 

hence को।                            thence में

Hither को।                            thither में

Here को                                there में

Now को                         then में बदल देते हैं

This को                                  that में

These को                                those में

Thus को                                    so में

Tonight को                          that night

Today को                              that day में

Tomorrow को    the next day या the following                                    day में

Yesterday को         the previous day या the day                                             before में

Last night/week/year        को the previous                                                      night/weak/year

Next week/month/year      को the following                                                       week/month/year

Yesterday morning को the previous morning                                          या the morning before

Examples

1 Direct-He said to them, "I will kill you now."

Indirect-He told them that he would kill them then.

2 Direct- Mohan said to Ram, "I can not go with you till next Sunday.

Indirect-Mohan told Ram that he could not go with him till the following Sunday.

3 Direct-He said to me, "I came here yesterday."

Indirect-He told me that he had gone there the previous day.

Rule-यदि this,here, और now किसी ऐसी वस्तु, स्थान या समय की ओर संकेत करें जो कहते समय वक्ता के सामने उपस्थित हो, तो indirect Narration मैं इन शब्दों में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होगा। जैसे,

1 Direct-He said, "This is my coat."

Indirect-He said that this was his coat.

2 Direct- The worker said, "I worked here for a month."

Indirect- The worker said that he had worked here for a month.

3 Direct- Amit said, "I will do this now."

Indirect- Amit said that he would do this now.

Rule 3- This या these का प्रयोग यदि समय की ओर संकेत के लिए होता है तो indirect में इनको that या those में ही बदलते हैं।पर यदि this या these का प्रयोग Adjective की भांति हुआ है तो indirect बनाते समय that या those के स्थान पर the का भी प्रयोग कर सकते हैं।जैसे-

1 Direct- Radha said, "We are going for a picnic this week."

Indirect-She said that they were going for a picnic that week.

2 Direct- He said, "I am playing cricket these days."

Indirect-he said that he was playing cricket those days.

3 Direct- He said, "I have brought this stick from Nainital.

Indirect-He said that he had brought that stick from Nainital.

                                Or

He sad that he had brought the stick from Nainital.

4 Direct-The typist said, I have typed all these letters."

Indirect-The typist said that he had typed all those letters.

                                Or

The typist said that he had typed all the letters.

कुछ विशेष परिवर्तन

(1)कभी-कभी Reported Speech में कुछ Nouns,Vocative case में आ जाते हैं।Indirect narration में परिवर्तन करते समय वे Reporting Verb के Object बन जाते हैं।जैसे-

1. Direct-The father said, "Rohit,       I shall give you a pen."

Indirect-the father told Rohit that he would give him a pen.

2. Direct-The old farmer said, " My sons, I am planting these trees for you."

Indirect-The old farmer told his sons that he was planting those trees for them. 

(2) यदि Inverted Commas के अंदर संबोधन के शब्द का प्रयोग हो, तो उन्हें address........ as के बाद रखते हैं।जैसे-

1.Direct-The mother said, "Naughty boy, you have been fighting again."

Indirect-addressing her son as a naughty boy the mother said that he had been fighting again.

Direct-The leader said, "Ladies and gentlemen, I am waiting for you."

Indirect-Addressing the people as ladies and gentleman the leader said that he was waiting for them.

(3) Need not को indirect speech में ज्यों का त्यों रहने देते हैं।जैसे-

Direct-He said to his brother, "I need not borrow money any more."

Indirect-He told his brother that he need not borrow money any more.

(4)यदि inverted comma के भीतर Well या You see शब्द आये हो तो Indirect Narration बनाते समय इन शब्दों को छोड़ देते हैं क्योंकि की ये निरर्थक शब्द हैं। जैसे-

Direct-My father said, "Well Ravi, I shall give you a book."

Indirect-My father told Ravi that he would give him a book.

(5) जिन शर्त बताने वाले वाक्यों में काल्पनिक अथवा अवास्तविक स्थिती का बोध होता है, उनमें अवास्तविक भूतकाल का प्रयोग होता है। Indirect Speech में कोई परिवर्तन नही होता है। जैसे-

Direct- Gita said, "If my office were near the house, I would always be in time"

Indirect- Gita said if her office were near the house,she would always be in time.

Note- If my office were near the house(यदि मेरा दफ्तर घर के पास होता) यह वाक्य काल्पनिक इसलिए इसके tense में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होगा।

(6) Reported Speech में Thank you का प्रयोग होने पर Indirect Speech में Reporting verb  को Thanked में बदल देते हैं।इसी प्रकार Reported Speech में प्रयुक्त hope, feel, आदि को भी Reporting Verb बना देते हैं। जैसे-

1.Direct- The clerk said to the boss, "Thank you,sir ,for your help."

Indirect- The clerk respectfully thanked the boss for his help.

2.Direct-Rohan said, "I feel sorry for what I had done."

Indirect-Rohan felt sorry for what he had done.

3.Direct-He said, "I hope my brother will come today."

Indirect-He hoped that his brother would come that day.