Narration-IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
जब किसी वाक्य में आज्ञा ( order ) , परामर्श (advice ) या प्रार्थना ( request ) प्रकट की गई हो तो उसे Imperative Sentence कहते हैं । इसमें कर्ता you ' ( verb से पहले ) छिपा रहता है तथा वाक्य Finite Verb से प्रारम्भ होता है ।
Rule 1. Reporting Verb ' said ' को भाव के अनुसार इस प्रकार बदलते हैं -
( a ) यदि order हो तो ordered , commanded आदि में ।
( b ) यदि advice हो तो advised , urged आदि में ।
( c ) यदि request हो तो requested , begged , implored , entreated आदि में ।
Rule 2. Reported Speech के Verb के पहले' to' जोड़कर Infinitive बना देते हैं ।जैसे -
1.Direct-The teacher said to me , “ Sit in your class and learn your lesson . ”
Indirect-The teacher ordered me to sit in my class and learn my lesson .
2.Direct-He said to his friend , “ Work hard."
Indirect-He advised his friend to work hard.
Rule 3. Reported Speech के Vocative Case के Noun को Reporting Verb का कर्म ( Object ) बना देते हैं । जैसे
Direct-The teacher said , “ Sit down , boys. "
Indirect The teacher ordered the boys to sit down .
Rule 4. जब Reported Speech निषेधात्मक हो अर्थात् ' Do not ' से प्रारम्भ हो , तो इसके परिवर्तन की दो विधियाँ (a)Reporting Verb को forbade में बदल दिया जाता है तथा Reported Speech में आये हुये ' Do not ' को समाप्त करके क्रिया से पहले to लगा देते हैं । जैसे -
Direct The teacher said to the boy , “ Do not abuse anyone . ”
Indirect-The teacher forbade the boy to abuse anyone .
Direct My father said to me , “ Don't waste your time . "
Indirect-My father advised me not to waste my time .
Rule 5. Reported Speech ज़ब ' never ' से प्रारम्भ हो तो Reporting Verb को advised में बदल देते हैं और never तथा क्रिया के बीच to का प्रयोग करते हैं । जैसे-
Direct-The teacher said to the student , "Never waste your time . "
Indirect-The teacher advised the student never to waste his time .
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Note-Never वाले वाक्यों में forbade का प्रयोग नहीं होता है।
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Rule.6-जब Reported Speech में 'Sir', 'Please', 'Kindly' आदि शब्दों का प्रयोग होता है तो Indirect बनाते समय इन शब्दों को हटा देते हैं तथा Reporting Verb को requested में बदल देते हैं । जैसे -
1. Direct-The student said to the teacher ,
" Sir , mark me present."
Indirect-The student requested the teacher to mark him present .
2. Direct Ram said to Shyam , “ Please come and tell me something . "
Indirect-Ram requested Shyam to go and tell him something.
3. Direct She said to Sita , “ Kindly help me ."
Indirect She requested Sita to help her .
Rule 7. यदि Reported Speech में if से प्रारम्भ होने वाले Clause में सलाह का भाव है तो Indirect Speech में should का प्रयोग अच्छा माना जाता है । जैसे -
Direct-My mother said , " If you suffer from cold and cough , consult a doctor surely . "
Indirect My mother said if I suffered from cold and cough , I should consult a doctor surely .
Or
My mother advised me to consult a doctor surely if I suffered from cold and cough .
कुछ Imperative Sentences देखने में Interrogative जैसे लगते हैं पर ये वास्तव में Interrogative नहीं होते । ये Imperative ही होते हैं क्योंकि इनसे विनम्रतापूर्वक प्रार्थना का भाव झलकता है । ऐसे वाक्यों को Indirect speech में बदलते समय इनके Reporting Verbs को वाक्य के आशय के अनुसार बदल देते हैं । जैसे -
1. Direct " Would you please give me your pen ? " he said to me .
Indirect-He requested me to give him my pen .
2. Direct He said , " Could I use your phone?"
Indirect-He asked me to use my phone .
3. Direct She said , “ Would you like a sandwich ? "
Indirect-She offered me a sandwich .
4. Direct She said , " Would you like to have tea with me ? "
Indirect-She invited me to have tea with her
5. Direct He said to them , “ Would you like to sit down ? "
Indirect-He requested them to sit down .
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