Study Point

 The Present Continuous Tense  ( A ) This tense is normally used for an action in progress , that is temporary in nature , in the present at the time of speaking .  For example -  ( i ) She is not working . She is swimming in the river  ( ii ) It is raining outside .  ( B ) It also expresses future action or a definite arrangement in the near future .  For example-  ( i ) I am going to the cinema tomorrow .  ( ii ) She is coming next week .  Additional Uses of Present Continuous Tense-  ( C ) Continuous tense with ' always ' may express an idea which is not to the liking of the speaker . For example-   ( i ) She is always teaching her children .  ( ii ) He is always praising his friends .  ( D ) There are some of the verbs which sometime don't admit of progressive action . Such verbs are called Non - progressive verbs ( Stative verbs ) .  These include  ( i ) Verbs of Perception : See , taste , smell , hear...

  The Tenses and their Functions  The Present Indefinite Tense   The present indefinite tense - Habitual Action   ( A ) This tense is generally used to denote ' habit , custom , practice , repeated action , permanent activity , general truth ' , etc.  These ideas are expressed by the adverbs of frequency such as ' often , seldom , usually , never , occassionally , sometimes , normally , generally , always , frequently , rarely , daily ' , etc.  For example  ( i ) The man goes for a walk in the morning daily in           the morning .  ( ii ) Robert usually believes everybody .   ( iii ) Ronaldo often gets late for lunch .  ( iv ) Marry always comes in time .  ( v ) William seldom gets up late .  ( B ) This tense is also used to make a statement in the present showing permanent nature and activity of the subject and eternal principles   For example - ( i ) We know him well .  ( ...

  Summary of the Lesson  The story ' Indigo ' is an excerpt from Louis Fischer's book " The Life of Mahatma Gandhi ' . The story is set in 1916-17 . The place is Champaran in Bihar . The great leadership qualities were shown by      Gandhi to secure justice for oppressed people through argumentation and and bold negotiations . Gandhi gave leadership to poor peasants of that region . There were big estates owned by British people and the workers were Indian tenants . The tenants were compelled to grow indigo . A peasant Rajkumar Shukla met Gandhi and insisted on him visiting the place to help their cause of justice . In Patna Gandhi visited a lawyer named Rajendra Prasad ( he became the first President of India ) . A lot of lawyers and peasants poured in large number to support Gandhi and his cause . Gandhi showed the people how to fight boldly against the discrimination of British Raj . The agitation prolonged for one year and ended in grand success by gaining p...

  Short Answer Type Questions Q.1 . How did the peddler make the rattraps ?  ( फेरीवाला चूहेदानों को कैसे बनाता था ? )  Ans . The peddler made the rattraps of wire from the  material he got by begging in the stores or at the big farms . He made them himself at odd moments .  ( तार के चूहेदान बनाने की सामग्री को फेरीवाला स्टोरों या बड़े कृषि फर्मों से भीख माँगकर या बड़े कृषि फार्मों से लेता था । बाद में वह अतिरिक्त समय में इनको बनाता था । )  Q.2 . How does the crofter receive the peddler in his house ? ( किसान अपने घर में फेरीवाले का किस प्रकार स्वागत करता है ? )  Ans . As the peddler comes to his cottage , the crofter puts the porridge pot on the fire and gives him supper . He gives him tobacco roll for his pipe . Finally , they play cards until bedtime .  ( जब फेरीवाला झोंपड़ी में आता है तो किसान तुरन्त ही दलिये के पात्र को चूल्हे पर चढ़ा देता है और उसको भोजन कराता है । चिलम पीने के लिए वह उसे तम्बाकू देता है । उसके बाद सोने का समय होने तक वे लोग ...

  The Last Lesson                                     Written by-(Alphonse Daudet) Short  Answer Type Question Q. 1. What was frenz expected to be prepared with for school that day ?  ( उस दिन फेंज से स्कूल के लिए क्या तैयारी की आशा थी ? )  Ans . That day frenz was expected to be prepared with participles because M. Hamel had said that he would question them on participles ?  उस दिन फ्रेंज से यह आशा थी कि वह  Participle के नियमों के साथ तैयार रहेगा क्योंकि एम . हेमल ने कहा था कि वे उनसे Participle पर सवाल करेंगे ।  Q. 2 What did Franz notice that was unusual about the school that day ?  ( उस दिन फ्रेंज ने विद्यालय में के बारे में क्या असामान्य चीज अनुभव की ? )  Ans . That day , Franz noticed the absence of the routine commotion caused by the opening and closing of desks , repeating of lessons in unison and rapping of the teacher's ruler on the table...

 Short Answer Type Questions   Q .1 . Why does the king get an arch constructed over the public road ?  राजा सार्वजनिक सड़क पर एक मेहराब का निर्माण क्यों करवाता है ?  Ans . The king gets an arch over the public road so that the spectator may be benefited spiritually . The king rides down the there to enlighten the spectators  राजा सार्वजनिक सड़क पर एक मेहराब का निर्माण करवाता है जिससे कि दर्शक अध्यात्मिक रूप से उसका लाभ उठा सकें । दर्शकों को सुधारने के लिये राजा घोड़े पर सवार होकर वहाँ पहुँचता है ।  Q.2 . Why was the king annoyed as he rode , down that through fare ?  जैसे ही राजा घोड़े पर सवार होकर उस मार्ग पर पहुँचा वह नाराज क्यों हो गया ?  Ans . As the king rode down that through fare to enlighten the spectators . He saw that the arch was built too low . The king hit it by the head . His crown fell down and was lost under the arch . So he was annoyed . राजा दर्शकों को सुधारने के लिये उस मार्ग पर पहुंचा । उसने देखा कि मेहराब बहुत नीची बनी हुई है ...

 Short Answer Type Questions  Q.1 . Who was Joe Morgan ? Why was he so tense and waiting anxiously for Dr. Andrew ?  जोअ मॉर्गन कौन था ? वह इतना बेचैन क्यों था और व्याकुलता से  डॉ ० एन्ड्रयू की प्रतीक्षा क्यों कर रहा था ?   Ans . Joe Morgan was a driller . He lived in Blaenelly , a mining town . He was in dire need of Dr. Andrew's help . His wife Susan was in labour . She was going to give birth to their first child after twenty years of marriage . Joe was waiting anxiously for Dr. Andrew to help Susan in the delivery of the child .  जोअ मॉर्गन एक छेद करने वाला ( ड्रिलर ) था । वह ब्लैनली , एक खनिक नगर में रहता था । उसे डॉ ० एन्ड्रयू की मदद की अत्यन्त आवश्यकता थी । उसे प्रसव पीड़ा हो रही थी । विवाह के बीस वर्षों बाद वह अपने पहले बच्चे को जन्म देने जा रही थी । जोअ व्याकुलता से डॉ ० एन्ड्रयू को बच्चे की डिलीवरी में सूजन की मदद करने के लिये प्रतीक्षा कर रहा था ।  Q.2 . Where did Joe led Andrew ? Why did he not go in with the doctor ? जोअ एन्ड्रयू को क...